Reading Time: 4 minutesQuestion 4073 One of the persistent challenges in Trinitarian theology is maintaining the genuine distinction of the three Persons without tumbling into tritheism — the error of thinking that Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are three separate gods rather than three Persons sharing one divine being. The problem is most acute when it comes to…
Reading Time: 4 minutesQuestion 4074 When theologians speak of the “eternal counsels of the Godhead,” they mean the purposes, plans, and decisions that exist within God’s own being before any act of creation — the eternal agreement between Father, Son, and Spirit regarding what they would do and how they would do it. The language of “counsel” risks…
Reading Time: 6 minutesQuestion 04071 Christian traditions have developed distinctive accounts of who the Holy Spirit is and how He works, and the differences between Reformed, charismatic, and dispensational pneumatologies are substantial enough to shape entire approaches to the Christian life. This article surveys the principal points of difference, identifying where the traditions agree, where they diverge, and…
Reading Time: 4 minutesQuestion 4072 One of the most remarkable statements in Paul’s letters about the Holy Spirit appears almost in passing in the middle of his argument about the Spirit’s role in revealing God’s wisdom. In 1 Corinthians 2:10, Paul writes: “for the Spirit searches everything, even the depths of God.” The phrase “the depths of God”…
Reading Time: 4 minutesQuestion 4069 The Holy Spirit did not arrive at Pentecost as though He had been absent from the universe until that point. He is the eternal third Person of the Trinity, and His activity runs through the Old Testament from the opening verses of Genesis to the closing pages of Malachi. What changed at Pentecost…
Reading Time: 4 minutesQuestion 4070 Pneumatology — the doctrine of the Holy Spirit — cannot be properly understood in isolation from Trinitarian theology, and the reverse is equally true. The two disciplines are so closely intertwined that to study one without the other is to distort both. The Spirit is not an appendix to Christian theology or a…
Reading Time: 3 minutesQuestion 07030 The question of whether there is a point beyond which the gospel can no longer reach a person is one that pastoral ministry cannot avoid. It surfaces in conversations about hardened relatives who have heard the gospel repeatedly and seem impervious to it, about people who once appeared to be close to faith…
Reading Time: 4 minutesQuestion 07031 The hardening of the human heart is rarely a sudden event. Most people do not arrive at a settled state of spiritual insensibility in a single moment of dramatic rebellion. What Scripture describes, and what pastoral observation confirms, is a process — gradual, largely unnoticed by the person experiencing it, and with each…
Reading Time: 4 minutesQuestion 09022 Western Christianity has a persistent individualism problem. The dominant assumption in many evangelical and charismatic contexts is that the believer’s relationship with God is a private transaction, and that discerning the Spirit’s voice is primarily a personal skill to be developed in isolation. Scripture tells a different story. The gathered church is not…
Reading Time: 4 minutesQuestion 4089 Dreams occupy an interesting position in the biblical record. They are neither marginalised as purely psychological phenomena nor elevated as the primary channel of divine communication. Scripture treats them with a seriousness that neither the sceptic nor the enthusiast fully honours — the sceptic too quick to dismiss them entirely, the enthusiast too…